Exhaust nozzle control including tapered control effector for a gas turbine engine

ABSTRACT

An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine according to an example of the present disclosure includes, among other things, a duct having a first surface and a second surface extending about a duct axis to define an exhaust flow path, and at least one effector positioned along the first surface. The at least one effector is pivotable about an effector axis to vary a throat area of the exhaust flow path. The at least one effector tapers along the effector axis. A method of exhaust control for a gas turbine engine is also disclosed.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present disclosure is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser.No. 14/753,637, filed Jun. 29, 2015.

BACKGROUND

This disclosure relates to an exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine,and more particularly to control of exhaust flow from a gas turbineengine.

A gas turbine engine can include a fan section, a compressor section, acombustor section, and a turbine section. Air entering the compressorsection is compressed and delivered into the combustion section where itis mixed with fuel and ignited to generate a high-speed exhaust gasflow. The high-speed exhaust gas flow expands through the turbinesection to drive the compressor and the fan section.

Some aircraft include one or more flaps deployed during operation toorient the aircraft in a desired direction.

SUMMARY

An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine according to an example ofthe present disclosure includes a duct having a first surface and asecond surface extending about a duct axis to define an exhaust flowpath, and at least one effector positioned along the first surface. Theat least one effector is pivotable about an effector axis to vary athroat area of the exhaust flow path. The at least one effector tapersalong the effector axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the at leastone effector includes a first effector and a second effector pivotableabout a common axis extending between the first effector and the secondeffector.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the firstsurface is stationary relative to the duct axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the secondsurface is movable relative to the duct axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the ductdefines a recess extending from the first surface. The at least oneeffector includes a body extending between a first edge and a secondedge each sloping inwardly towards the effector axis. The first edge isreceived in the recess and the second edge extends towards the secondsurface when the at least one effector is located in a first position.The second edge is received in the recess and the first edge extendstowards the second surface when the at least one effector is located ina second, different position.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the throatarea is defined at a first axial location relative to the duct axis whenthe at least one effector is located in the first position, and thethroat area is defined at a second, different axial location relative tothe duct axis when the at least one effector is located in the secondposition.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the firstedge and the second edge are substantially flush with the first surfacewhen the at least one effector is located in a third, differentposition.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, surfaces ofthe body extending between the first edge and the second edge aresubstantially planar.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the bodydefines a ridge extending radially from the effector axis and slopingtowards the duct axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the ridge isconfigured such that a distance between the ridge and the second surfacediffers in response to pivoting the at least one effector about theeffector axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the effectoraxis is spaced apart from the first surface.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the effectoraxis extends longitudinally between opposed sidewalls of the at leastone effector.

A gas turbine engine according to an example of the present disclosureincludes a fan section coupled to a core engine, and a nacelle assemblymounted at least partially about the core engine. The nacelle assemblyincludes an exhaust nozzle coupled to the nacelle assembly. The exhaustnozzle includes a duct having a first surface and a second surfaceextending along a duct axis to define an exhaust flow path, and at leastone effector having a body positioned in a recess along the firstsurface. The body extends between a leading edge and a trailing edge.The leading edge and the trailing edge are pivotable about an effectoraxis to vary a throat area of the exhaust flow path.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the coreengine defines a core flow path, the fan section defines a bypass flowpath, and the at least one effector is in fluid communication with atleast one of the core flow path and the bypass flow path.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the effectoraxis extends longitudinally through the at least one effector, and theat least one effector tapers along the effector axis.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the at leastone effector includes a first effector and a second effector pivotableabout a common axis, and the first effector and the second effector bothtaper in a direction towards the duct axis.

A method of exhaust control for a gas turbine engine according to anexample of the present disclosure includes positioning a first effectorin an exhaust duct to define a first thrust vector angle, the firsteffector tapering along an effector axis, rotating the first effector ina first direction about the effector axis to cause the first thrustvector angle to increase, and rotating the first effector in a second,different direction about the effector axis to cause the first thrustvector angle to decrease.

In a further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments, the step ofrotating the first effector in the first direction about the effectoraxis to cause the first thrust vector angle to increase includeslocating a first edge of the first effector in a recess such that asecond edge of the first effector extends into the exhaust duct, thefirst edge and the second edge extending between opposed sidewalls ofthe first effector, and the step of rotating the first effector in thesecond direction about the effector axis to cause the first thrustvector angle to decrease includes locating the second edge of the firsteffector in the recess such that the first edge extends into the exhaustduct.

A further embodiment of any of the forgoing embodiments includespositioning a second effector in the exhaust duct to define a secondthrust vector, the second effector having a tapering cross-section atpositions along the effector axis, and rotating the second effectorabout the effector axis independent of the first effector to cause thesecond thrust vector to vary.

A further embodiment of any of the foregoing embodiments includesrotating the first effector and the second effector in oppositedirections about the effector axis such that each of the first effectorand the second effector extends into the exhaust duct.

Although the different examples have the specific components shown inthe illustrations, embodiments of this disclosure are not limited tothose particular combinations. It is possible to use some of thecomponents or features from one of the examples in combination withfeatures or components from another one of the examples.

The various features and advantages of this invention will becomeapparent to those skilled in the art from the following detaileddescription of an embodiment. The drawings that accompany the detaileddescription can be briefly described as follows.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 schematically shows a gas turbine engine.

FIG. 2 schematically shows a gas turbine engine according to a secondembodiment.

FIG. 3A schematically shows a notional aircraft planform including thelocation of an engine and a nacelle assembly for the engine of FIG. 1.

FIG. 3B illustrates a side view of the nacelle assembly of FIG. 3A takenalong line 3B-3B.

FIG. 3C illustrates a plan view of selected portions of the nacelleassembly of FIG. 3B taken along line 3C-3C.

FIG. 4A schematically shows a side view of an exhaust nozzle for theengine of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4B illustrates a plan view of the exhaust nozzle of FIG. 4A takenalong line 4B-4B.

FIG. 5A illustrates a plan view of a control effector in a stowedposition.

FIG. 5B illustrates a first axial view of the control effector of FIG.5A.

FIG. 5C illustrates a second axial view of the control effector of FIG.5A.

FIG. 5D illustrates a plan view of the control effector of FIG. 5A in adeployed position.

FIG. 5E illustrates a first axial view of the control effector of FIG.5D.

FIG. 5F illustrates a second axial view of the control effector of FIG.5D.

FIG. 5G illustrates a third axial view of the control effector of FIG.5A in a deployed position.

FIG. 5H illustrates a plan view of two control effectors.

FIG. 5I illustrates a first axial view of the control effectors of FIG.5H.

FIG. 5J illustrates a second axial view of the control effectors of FIG.5H.

FIG. 5K illustrates a plan view of the control effectors of FIG. 5H in astowed position.

FIG. 5L illustrates a plan view of the control effectors of FIG. 5Hrotated in opposite directions.

FIG. 5M illustrates a plan view of the control effectors of FIG. 5H withone control effector in a deployed position.

FIG. 5N illustrates a plan view of the control effectors of FIG. 5Hrotated in opposite directions.

FIG. 5O illustrates a plan view of the control effectors of FIG. 5H withone control effector in a deployed position.

FIG. 6A illustrates a plan view of a control effector in a stowedposition, according to a second embodiment.

FIG. 6B illustrates a first axial view of the control effector of FIG.6A.

FIG. 6C illustrates a second axial view of the control effector of FIG.6A.

FIG. 6D illustrates a plan view of the control effector of FIG. 6A in adeployed position.

FIG. 6E illustrates a first axial view of the control effector of FIG.6D.

FIG. 6F illustrates a second axial view of the control effector of FIG.6D.

FIG. 6G illustrates a perspective view of two control effectors,according to the second embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a gas turbine engine 20. In thisdisclosure, like reference numerals designate like elements whereappropriate and reference numerals with the addition of one-hundred ormultiples thereof designate modified elements that are understood toincorporate the same features and benefits of the corresponding originalelements. The gas turbine engine 20 is disclosed herein as a two-spoolturbofan that generally incorporates a fan section 22, a compressorsection 24, a combustor section 26 and a turbine section 28. Alternativeengines might include an augmentor section (not shown) among othersystems or features. The fan section 22 drives air along a bypass flowpath B in a bypass duct defined within a fan nacelle 15, while thecompressor section 24 drives air along a core flow path C forcompression and communication into the combustor section 26 thenexpansion through the turbine section 28. Although depicted as atwo-spool turbofan gas turbine engine in the disclosed non-limitingembodiment, it should be understood that the concepts described hereinare not limited to use with two-spool turbofans as the teachings may beapplied to other types of turbine engines including three-spoolarchitectures.

The exemplary engine 20 generally includes a low speed spool 30 and ahigh speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine centrallongitudinal axis A relative to an engine static structure 36 viaseveral bearing systems 38. It should be understood that various bearingsystems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally beprovided, and the location of bearing systems 38 may be varied asappropriate to the application.

The low speed spool 30 generally includes an inner shaft 40 thatinterconnects a fan 42, a first (or low) pressure compressor 44 and asecond (or low) pressure turbine 46. The inner shaft 40 is connected tothe fan 42 through a speed change mechanism, which in exemplary gasturbine engine 20 is illustrated as a geared architecture 48 to drivethe fan 42 at a lower speed than the low speed spool 30. The high speedspool 32 includes an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a second (orhigh) pressure compressor 52 and a first (or high) pressure turbine 54.A combustor 56 is arranged in exemplary gas turbine engine 20 betweenthe high pressure compressor 52 and the high pressure turbine 54. Amid-turbine frame 57 of the engine static structure 36 is arrangedgenerally between the high pressure turbine 54 and the low pressureturbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 further supports bearing systems 38in the turbine section 28. The inner shaft 40 and the outer shaft 50 areconcentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine centrallongitudinal axis A which is collinear with their longitudinal axes.

The core airflow is compressed by the low pressure compressor 44 thenthe high pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in thecombustor 56, then expanded over the high pressure turbine 54 and lowpressure turbine 46. The mid-turbine frame 57 includes airfoils 59 whichare in the core airflow path C. The turbines 46, 54 rotationally drivethe respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response tothe expansion. It will be appreciated that each of the positions of thefan section 22, compressor section 24, combustor section 26, turbinesection 28, and fan drive gear system 48 may be varied. For example,gear system 48 may be located aft of combustor section 26 or even aft ofturbine section 28, and fan section 22 may be positioned forward or aftof the location of gear system 48.

The engine 20 in one example is a high-bypass geared aircraft engine. Ina further example, the engine 20 bypass ratio is greater than about six(6), with an example embodiment being greater than about ten (10), thegeared architecture 48 is an epicyclic gear train, such as a planetarygear system or other gear system, with a gear reduction ratio of greaterthan about 2.3 and the low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio thatis greater than about five. In one disclosed embodiment, the engine 20bypass ratio is greater than about ten (10:1), the fan diameter issignificantly larger than that of the low pressure compressor 44, andthe low pressure turbine 46 has a pressure ratio that is greater thanabout five (5:1). Low pressure turbine 46 pressure ratio is pressuremeasured prior to inlet of low pressure turbine 46 as related to thepressure at the outlet of the low pressure turbine 46 prior to anexhaust nozzle. The geared architecture 48 may be an epicycle geartrain, such as a planetary gear system or other gear system, with a gearreduction ratio of greater than about 2.3:1. It should be understood,however, that the above parameters are only exemplary of one embodimentof a geared architecture engine and that the present invention isapplicable to other gas turbine engines including direct driveturbofans.

A significant amount of thrust is provided by the bypass flow B due tothe high bypass ratio. The fan section 22 of the engine 20 is designedfor a particular flight condition—typically cruise at about 0.8 Mach andabout 35,000 feet. The flight condition of 0.8 Mach and 35,000 ft, withthe engine at its best fuel consumption—also known as “bucket cruiseThrust Specific Fuel Consumption (‘TSFC’)”—is the industry standardparameter of lbm of fuel being burned divided by lbf of thrust theengine produces at that minimum point. “Low fan pressure ratio” is thepressure ratio across the fan blade alone, without a Fan Exit Guide Vane(“FEGV”) system. The low fan pressure ratio as disclosed hereinaccording to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1.45. “Lowcorrected fan tip speed” is the actual fan tip speed in ft/sec dividedby an industry standard temperature correction of [(Tram ° R)/(518.7°R)]^(0.5). The “Low corrected fan tip speed” as disclosed hereinaccording to one non-limiting embodiment is less than about 1150ft/second.

Referring to FIG. 2, a gas turbine engine 120 according to a secondembodiment includes a fan section 122, a compressor section 124, acombustor section 126, and a turbine section 128. Air entering into thefan section 122 is initially compressed and the portion that is notbypassed along the bypass flow path B is fed to the compressor section124. In the compressor section 124, the incoming air from the fansection 122 is further compressed and communicated to the combustorsection 126. In the combustor section 126, the compressed air is mixedwith gas and ignited to generate a hot exhaust stream 129. The hotexhaust stream 129 is expanded through the turbine section 128 to drivethe fan section 122 and the compressor section 124. In this example, thegas turbine engine 120 includes an augmenter section 131 whereadditional fuel can be mixed with the exhaust gasses 129 and ignited togenerate additional thrust. The exhaust gasses 129 flow from the turbinesection 128 and the augmenter section 131 through an exhaust linerassembly 135.

Referring to FIG. 3A, aircraft 10 is provided with a nacelle assembly60. The aircraft 10 is depicted having a blended wing body extendingalong central axis X and is depicted as a twin engine aircraft having apair of engines 20A, 20B. In the illustrated example, aircraft 10 is arudderless aircraft with no vertical tail. It should be appreciated thatthe nacelle assembly 60 can be utilized with various single engine andmulti-engine aircraft, such as commercial passenger, freighter, ortransport aircraft. Additionally, rudder equipped aircraft or aircraftwith different planforms can benefit from the teachings herein toprovide redundancy or additional steering control.

The nacelle assembly 60 includes a duct 61 extending between an inlet 62and an outlet or exhaust nozzle 63. In the illustrated example, thenacelle assembly 60 is mounted at least partially about engine 20Aincluding the fan section 22 and a core engine including compressorsection 24, combustor section 26 and turbine section 28 (FIG. 1). Theinlet 62 is configured to deliver air to the engine 20. Exhaust gases,including the core airflow path C and the bypass flow path B (FIG. 3B),flow from the engine 20A to the exhaust nozzle 63. In the illustratedexample, the aircraft 10 includes two engines 20A, 20B each arranged ina nacelle assembly 60A, 60B.

Referring to FIGS. 3B and 3C, with continued reference to FIG. 3A, theexhaust nozzle 63 includes an exhaust duct 64 extending about a ductaxis D to define an exhaust flow path E. The exhaust duct 64 includes alower (or first) surface 66, an upper (or second) surface 67, andsidewalls 55 adjacent to lower and upper surfaces 66, 67 (FIG. 3C) ofthe exhaust duct 64 extending about the duct axis D. The exhaust duct 64includes a flow area distribution that runs generally parallel toexhaust flowpath E converging to a prescribed minimal area that definesa throat area 65 extending along a plane between the lower surface 66,the upper surface 67, and sidewalls 55 of the exhaust duct 64. Thethroat area 65 is defined as a minimum jet area of the exhaust duct 64relative to positions along the duct axis D. The teachings disclosedherein are applicable to a wide range of exhaust duct 64 shapes withvarious plane shapes of the nozzle throat area 65 such as rectangular,diamond, hexagon and “D” shaped profiles that contain at least onegenerally planar region for the installation of the control effectors 68disclosed herein.

In some situations, an engine out condition occurs in which one of theengines 20A, 20B (FIG. 3A depicts engine 20B on the left as partially ortotally inoperative) of aircraft 10 becomes inoperative or dropssignificantly in thrust output. Accordingly, the aircraft 10 may beginto pivot about a yaw axis M (perpendicular to the page) which may be ator near the aircraft center of gravity, as depicted by aircraft 10′ ofFIG. 3A (shown in phantom). In other situations, a rudder of a rudderequipped aircraft may become inoperative, thereby reducing yaw controlthe aircraft.

Referring to FIG. 3C, the exhaust nozzle 63 includes one or more controleffectors 68 positioned along the lower surface 66. The one or morecontrol effectors 68 are configured to selectively induce a desiredamount of directional control the exhaust flow path E yaw control of theaircraft 10 by vectoring the thrust from engine 20A. Thrust vectoring ofthe exhaust flow from the remaining operative engine 20A can becontrolled to reduce the yaw moment about axis M by having the forcefrom the operating engine 20A pass closer to or through axis M of theaircraft 10, thereby reducing the need for other drag inducing devicesto trim yaw. Although two control effectors 68 are depicted adjacent tothe lower surface 66 for engine 20A in FIG. 3C, the teachings herein canbe utilized with each engine 20A, 20B, and fewer or greater than twocontrol effectors 68 at desired locations along the exhaust duct 64,such as upper (or second) surface 67 (FIG. 3B) to provide yaw controland/or sidewalls 55 (FIG. 3C) to provide pitch control of the aircraft10 or an aircraft equipped with engine 120.

Each of the control effectors 68 is operable via a nozzle effectorcontroller 75 coupled to an associated actuation system 71 toselectively cause a predetermined change in a vector of the exhaust flowpath E, such as yaw thrust vector β (FIG. 3A) to provide yaw trimming byyaw thrust vectoring. The actuation system 71 is mechanically coupled tothe control effector 68 and may be powered by pneumatic, hydraulic,electric or other means. The nozzle effector controller 75 can belocated in either the airframe or engine architecture, for example. Insome examples, the nozzle effector controller 75 is configured tocontrol two or more actuation systems 71. In one example, nozzleeffector controller 75 is incorporated into a full authority digitalengine control (FADEC) for the entire engine. A worker of ordinary skillin the art would be able to design such a controller given the teachingsof this disclosure. The yaw thrust vector β is defined relative to theexhaust flow path E immediately upstream of the control effector 68(FIG. 1). Although thrust vectoring is primarily discussed with respectto a yaw direction, it should be appreciated that vectoring in otherorientations relative to the aerodynamic plane of symmetry X of aircraft10 are contemplated, such as vectoring in a pitch direction.

Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, an exhaust nozzle 163 for the engine 120of FIG. 2 is shown. In some examples, the exhaust nozzle 163 is avariable area convergent-divergent exhaust nozzle configured to change ageometry of exhaust duct 164 and flow characteristics of exhaust flowpath E. In the illustrated example of FIG. 4A, the exhaust nozzle 163 isa single expansion ramp nozzle (SERN) having a fixed (or first) surface166 stationary relative to the duct axis D and having a variable (orsecond) surface 167 moveable relative to the duct axis D. The variablesurface 167 includes one or more convergent flaps 169 and one or moredivergent flaps 170 moveable relative to the duct axis D. The flaps 169,170 are movable to positions 169′, 170′ (shown in dashed lines) to varya throat area 165 of the exhaust duct 164. One or more control effectors168 are positioned adjacent to a lower surface 166 of the exhaust duct164. The control effectors 168 can be operated independently of theflaps 169, 170, or can be synchronized to provide a desired geometry ofthroat area 165.

FIGS. 5A to 5F illustrate a control effector 268 according to a firstembodiment. The control effector 268 can be utilized with one of theexhaust nozzles 63, 163, for example. FIGS. 5A to 5C illustrate thecontrol effector 268 in a stowed position. The control effector 268 canbe rotated or otherwise pivoted in different directions about aneffector axis 278 to affect the yaw thrust vector β (FIG. 5D) in adesired direction. FIGS. 5D to 5F illustrate the control effector 268pivoted about the effector axis 278 in a first deployed position toaffect yaw thrust vector β in a first direction relative to the exhaustflow path E. The control effector 268 can be pivoted about the effectoraxis 278 in a second deployed position to affect yaw thrust vector β ina second, different direction relative to the exhaust flow path E (FIG.5G). The control effector 268 is pivotable about the effector axis 278to vary a throat area of the exhaust flow path E. The control effector268 is coupled to at least one actuation system 271 configured to causethe control effector 268 to pivot or rotate about the effector axis 278.

In the illustrated example of FIGS. 5A to 5F, the control effector 268includes a generally truncated conical body 272 extending along theeffector axis 278 between a leading (or first) edge 274 and a trailing(or second) edge 276. Although the leading and trailing edges 274, 276are depicted as being substantially straight, or geometries can beutilized such as a contoured profile having one or more arcuatesegments. The effector axis 278 extends longitudinally between opposedfirst and second sidewalls 281, 282. The effector axis 278 is arrangedsubstantially in a reference plane defined by the throat area 265 whenthe control effector 268 is located in the stowed position. Inalternative examples, the effector axis 278 is offset from the throatarea 265 when in the stowed position.

The leading and trailing edges 274, 276 slope inwardly from the firstsidewall 281 to a second sidewall 282 such that the generally conicalbody 272 of the effector 268 tapers along the effector axis 278.Accordingly, a projection of each of the leading and trailing edges 274,276 is transverse to the effector axis 278.

Exhaust duct 264 defines a recess 280 extending from the lower surface266. The recess 280 is configured to at least partially receive theeffector 268. The effector axis 278 is spaced apart from lower surface266 such that portions of the body 272 such as leading and trailingedges 274, 276 of the control effector 268 pivot in the recess 280.Although the control effector 268 is depicted as being adjacent to lowersurface 266, one or more control effectors 268 can be positioned alongother surfaces of the exhaust duct 264 to provide the desired thrustvectoring.

In the illustrated example of FIGS. 5A to 5F, flow surfaces 273 of thebody 272 between the leading and trailing edges 274, 276 aresubstantially planar with the exhaust duct 264 when the control effector268 is in a stowed (or first) position, thereby defining a substantiallycontinuous surface with adjacent surfaces of the exhaust duct 264 andreducing drag in the exhaust flow path E. The flow surfaces 273 arebounded by leading and trailing edges 274, 276 and opposed sidewalls281, 282 to define a trapezoidal geometry. In the illustrated example ofFIGS. 5A to 5F, the flow surfaces 273 define an isosceles trapezoidalgeometry to provide the desired drag in the exhaust flow path E. Othergeometries of the flow surfaces 273 can be utilized, such as a curved orradiused leading edge 274, trailing edge 276 and/or opposed sidewalls281, 282 adjacent to the flow surfaces 273.

In the illustrated example of FIGS. 5A to 5C, the leading and trailingedges 274, 276 are substantially flush with the lower surface 266 whenthe control effector 268 is located in the stowed position such that thethroat area 265 extends between the upper surface 267 at position P₁(FIG. 5C) and a position along the flow surfaces 273 between the leadingand trailing edges 274, 276. In the illustrated example of FIGS. 5D to5F, the leading edge 274 is received in the recess 280 and the trailingedge 276 extends towards the upper surface 267 (FIG. 5D) when thecontrol effector 268 is located in a first deployed (or second) positionsuch that the throat area 265′ is defined downstream of the effectoraxis 278 relative to the exhaust flow path E. The control effector 268is arranged such that a location of the throat area 265 changes alongsurfaces of the control effector 268 in response to rotation of theeffector 268 about the effector axis 278.

In alternative examples, the trailing edge 276 is received in the recess280 and the leading edge 274 extends towards the upper surface 267 whenthe control effector 268 is located in a second deployed (or third)position such that the throat area 265″ is defined along the leadingedge 274 upstream of the effector axis 278 relative to the exhaust flowpath E and along upper surface 267 at position P₂, as illustrated inFIG. 5G. Accordingly, the throat area is defined at a first axialposition 265 when the control effector 268 is located in the stowedposition (FIG. 5A), is defined at a second axial position 265′ (FIG. 5D)when the control effector 268 is located in the first deployed position,and is defined at a third axial position 265″ (FIG. 5G) when the controleffector 268 is located in the second deployed position relative to theexhaust flow path E.

FIGS. 5H to 5J illustrate two independently controlled and actuatedcontrol effectors 268A, 268B positioned along the lower surface 266. Thecontrol effectors 268A, 268B can be independently controlled to delivera requested vector magnitude for yaw thrust vectors β_(A) and/or β_(B),for example. The effector axis 278A, 278B of control effectors 268A,268B are arranged along a common axis 279 transverse to the duct axis D.Sidewalls 281A, 281B of the control effectors 268A, 268B are arrangedadjacent to the duct axis D such that both of the leading edges 274A,274B and both of the trailing edges 276A, 276B slope inwardly from thefirst sidewalls 281A, 281B to the second sidewalls 282A, 282B.

In the illustrated example of FIGS. 5H to 5J, the control effector 268Ais pivoted about the common axis 279 in a first direction d₁ (FIG. 5I)to define yaw thrust vector β_(A), and control effector 268B is pivotedabout the common axis 279 in a second, different direction d₂ (FIG. 5J)to define yaw thrust vector β_(B). The control effectors 268A, 268B canbe independently rotated about the common axis 279 to cause therespective yaw thrust vectors β_(A), β_(B) to change. In the illustratedexample, the control effectors 268A, 268B are rotated in oppositedirections about the common axis 279 such that portions of each of thecontrol effectors 268A, 268B extend into the exhaust duct 264. Infurther examples, the control effectors 268A, 268B can be pivoted apredetermined distance in asymmetric or opposite directions d₁, d₂ aboutthe common axis 279 such that the yaw thrust vectors β_(A), β_(B) aresubstantially equal. In another example, control effector 268A ispivoted in direction d₂ and control effector 268B is pivoted indirection d₁ to define yaw thrust vectors β_(A)′, β_(B)′ (FIG. 5H).Asymmetric rotation of the control effectors 268A, 268B causes thethroat area 265A, 265B to skew relative to the duct axis D, as shown inFIG. 5H.

Referring to FIGS. 5K to 5O, with continued reference to FIGS. 5H to 5J,the control effectors 268A, 268B can be independently pivoted aboutcorresponding effector axes 278A, 278B or common axis 279 to define thethroat area 265 relative to the exhaust duct 264 and affect a combinedyaw thrust vector β and corresponding exhaust flow path E in a desireddirection and/or magnitude. In FIG. 5K, the control effectors 268A, 268Bare located in the stowed position. In FIG. 5L, control effector 268A ispivoted in the first direction d₁ (FIG. 5I), and control effector 268Bis pivoted in the second direction d₂ (FIG. 5J). In FIG. 5M, controleffector 268A is pivoted in the first direction d₁ and control effector268B is located in a stowed position such that a magnitude of the yawthrust vector β is relatively less than the yaw thrust vector β of FIG.5L. In FIG. 5N, control effector 268A is pivoted in the second directiond₂, and control effector 268B is pivoted in the first direction d₁. InFIG. 5O, control effector 268B is pivoted in the first direction d₁ andcontrol effector 268A is located in a stowed position such that amagnitude of the yaw thrust vector β is relatively less than the yawthrust vector β of FIG. 5N.

As illustrated by control effectors 268A, 268B of FIGS. 5L and 5M,rotating at least one of the control effectors 268A, 268B in a firstdirection about the respective effector axis 278A, 278B causes an angleof the thrust vector β to increase (e.g., effector 268A of FIG. 5L). Asillustrated by control effectors 268A, 268B of FIGS. 5N and 5O, rotatingat least one of the control effectors 268A, 268B in a second directionabout the respective effector axis 278A, 278B causes an angle of thethrust vector β to decrease. The positioning of control effectors 268A,268B depicted in FIGS. 5L and 5N provide relatively greater thrustvectoring than the positioning of control effectors 268A, 268B depictedin FIGS. 5M and 5O. Each of the control effectors 268A, 268B can beconfigured to rotate in a predefined range of motion about therespective effector axes 278A, 278B to provide the desired thrustvectoring control. The predefined range may be equal to or less than 360degrees of rotation.

The control effectors 268A, 268B can be rotated in the same or differentdirections about the respective effector axes 278A, 278B. In someexamples, the control effectors 268A, 268B are rotated in the samedirection about the respective effector axes 278A, 278B (e.g., thrustvectors β_(A)′ and β_(B) in FIG. 5H) to provide for relatively finemodulation of flow through the exhaust flow path E. Rotation of thecontrol effectors 268A, 268B can be utilized to provide yaw (or pitch)control during an engine out condition. In alternative examples, thecontrol effectors 268A, 268B can be utilized to provide normal trim ofaircraft 10, 110, thereby reducing aerodynamic drag caused by deploymentof one or more flaps such as a rudder, or can be utilized to provideredundancy for situations in which one or more flaps become inoperative.

FIGS. 6A to 6F illustrate a control effector 368 according to a secondembodiment. The control effector 368 can be utilized with one of theexhaust nozzles 63, 163, for example. The control effector 368 includesa ridge 384 extending radially from an effector axis 378. The ridge 384is defined between sidewalls 381, 382 and along a reference planedefined by the effector axis 378 such that the ridge 384 slopes towardsduct axis D. The ridge 384 is configured such that a distance betweenthe ridge 384 and an upper (or second) surface 367 (FIG. 6C) differs inresponse to pivoting the control effector 368 about the effector axis378.

The geometry of the ridge 384 assists in defining the throat area 365when the control effector 368 is in the stowed position (throat areashown at 365′ in FIG. 6D corresponding to a deployed position of thecontrol effector 368). Although ridge 384 is depicted as a singleinflection point between leading and trailing edges 374, 376 along flowsurfaces 373 of the control effector 368, it should be appreciated thatother geometries can be utilized, such as an arcuate or curvedcross-sectional profile relative to the exhaust flow path E. In someexamples, two control effectors 368 are positioned along a common axis379 transverse to duct axis D, as illustrated by control effectors 368A,368B in FIG. 6G.

Although particular step sequences are shown, described, and claimed, itshould be understood that steps may be performed in any order, separatedor combined unless otherwise indicated and will still benefit from thepresent disclosure.

It should be understood that relative positional terms such as“forward,” “aft,” “upper,” “lower,” “above,” “below,” and the like arewith reference to the normal operational attitude of the vehicle andshould not be considered otherwise limiting.

The foregoing description is exemplary rather than defined by thelimitations within. Various non-limiting embodiments are disclosedherein, however, one of ordinary skill in the art would recognize thatvarious modifications and variations in light of the above teachingswill fall within the scope of the appended claims. It is therefore to beunderstood that within the scope of the appended claims, the disclosuremay be practiced other than as specifically described. For that reasonthe appended claims should be studied to determine true scope andcontent.

What is claimed is:
 1. An exhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine,comprising: a duct having a first surface and a second opposing surfaceextending along a duct axis to define an exhaust flow path; and whereinthe duct defines a recess extending from the first surface; at least oneeffector positioned in the recess across the first surface, the at leastone effector includes a body extending axially along an effector axisbetween a first effector-sidewall and an opposing secondeffector-sidewall and extending transversely between an effector leadingedge and an effector trailing edge with respect to the effector axis,the effector leading and trailing edge extending axially from the firsteffector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall, the effector leadingedge forward of the effector trailing edge with respect to the ductaxis, the at least one effector pivotable about the effector axis tovary a throat area of the exhaust flow path, wherein at least one of theeffector leading edge and the effector trailing edge tapers inwardlyfrom the first effector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall withrespect to a distance from the effector axis; and wherein at least oneof the effector leading edge and the effector trailing edge is pivotableaway from the recess and into the exhaust flow path.
 2. The exhaustnozzle as recited in claim 1, wherein the first surface is stationaryrelative to the duct axis, and the second surface is movable relative tothe duct axis.
 3. The exhaust nozzle as recited in claim 2, wherein theat least one effector includes a first effector and a second effectorpivotable about a common axis that extends along the respective effectoraxis of the first effector and the second effector.
 4. The exhaustnozzle as recited in claim 1, wherein: each of the effector leading edgeand effector trailing edge tapers inwardly from the firsteffector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall with respect to theeffector axis such that a first distance between the leading andtrailing edges at the first effector-sidewall differs from a seconddistance between the leading and trailing edges at the secondeffector-sidewall; the effector leading edge is received in the recessand the effector-trailing edge extends towards the second surface whenthe at least one effector is positioned in a first position; and theeffector trailing edge is received in the recess and the effectorleading edge extends towards the second surface when the at least oneeffector is positioned in a second position.
 5. The exhaust nozzle asrecited in claim 4, wherein the effector leading edge and the effectortrailing edge are substantially flush with the first surface when the atleast one effector is located in a third position.
 6. The exhaust nozzleas recited in claim 4, wherein the throat area is defined at a firstaxial location relative to the duct axis when the at least one effectoris located in the first position, and the throat area is defined at asecond, different axial location relative to the duct axis when the atleast one effector is located in the second position.
 7. The exhaustnozzle as recited in claim 6, wherein the throat area is defined by theeffector trailing edge at the first axial location, the throat area isdefined by the effector leading edge at the second axial location, thebody includes a first face and a second face joined at a ridge to boundthe exhaust flow path, the ridge extending radially outward with respectto the effector axis and into the exhaust flow path, with the first facesloping from the ridge toward the effector leading edge and the secondface sloping from the ridge toward the effector trailing edge, and eachof the effector leading and effector trailing edge and said ridgesloping from the first effector-sidewall toward the secondeffector-sidewall with respect to the effector axis.
 8. The exhaustnozzle as recited in claim 1, wherein the body defines a ridge extendingradially from the effector axis and sloping towards the duct axis suchthat a distance between the ridge and the second surface differs inresponse to pivoting the at least one effector about the effector axis,and the effector axis is spaced apart from the first surface.
 9. Anexhaust nozzle for a gas turbine engine, comprising: a duct having afirst surface and a second opposing surface extending along a duct axisto define an exhaust flow path; wherein the duct defines a recessextending from the first surface; at least one effector positionedacross the first surface, the at least one effector includes a bodyextending along an effector axis between a first effector-sidewall andan opposing second effector-sidewall and extending between an effectorleading edge and an effector trailing edge with respect to the ductaxis, the at least one effector pivotable about the effector axis tovary a throat area of the exhaust flow path, wherein the at least oneeffector having a tapering cross-section at positions along at least oneof the effector leading edge and the effector railing edge with respectto the effector axis; wherein at least one of the effector leading edgeand the effector trailing edge is pivotable away from the recess andinto the exhaust flow path; wherein each of the effector leading edgeand effector trailing edge slopes inwardly from the firsteffector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall with respect to theeffector axis; wherein the effector leading edge is received in therecess and the effector-trailing edge extends towards the second surfacewhen the at least one effector is positioned in a first position; andwherein the effector trailing edge is received in the recess and theeffector leading edge extends towards the second surface when the atleast one effector is positioned in a second position; wherein thethroat area is defined at a first axial location relative to the ductaxis when the at least one effector is located in the first position,and the throat area is defined at a second, differential axial locationrelative to the duct axis when the at least one effector is located inthe second position; and wherein the throat area is defined by theeffector trailing edge at the first axial location, the throat area isdefined by the effector leading edge at the second axial location, thebody includes a first face and a second face joined at a ridge to boundthe exhaust flow path, the ridge extending radially outward with respectto the effector axis and into the exhaust flow path, with the first facesloping from the ridge toward the effector leading edge and the secondface sloping from the ridge toward the effector trailing edge, and eachof the effector leading and effector trailing edge and said ridgesloping from the first effector-sidewall toward the secondeffector-sidewall with respect to the effector axis.
 10. The exhaustnozzle as recited in claim 7, wherein the first surface is stationaryrelative to the duct axis, and the second surface is movable relative tothe duct axis.
 11. The exhaust nozzle as recited in claim 7, wherein theat least one effector includes a first effector and a second effectorpivotable about a common axis that extends along the respective effectoraxis of the first effector and the second effector.
 12. A gas turbineengine, comprising: a nacelle assembly including an exhaust nozzlecoupled to the nacelle assembly, the exhaust nozzle comprising: a ducthaving a first surface and a second opposing surface extending along aduct axis to define an exhaust flow path; at least one effector having abody positioned in a recess across the first surface, the body extendingaxially along an effector axis between a first effector-sidewall and anopposing second effector-sidewall and extending transversely between aneffector leading edge and an effector trailing edge with respect to theeffector axis, the effector leading and trailing edges extending axiallyfrom the first effector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall, theeffector leading edge forward of the effector trailing edge with respectto the duct axis, the effector axis extending longitudinally through theat least one effector, the effector leading edge and the effectortrailing edge pivotable about the effector axis to vary a throat area ofthe exhaust flow path, at least one of the effector leading edge and theeffector trailing edge of the at least one effector tapering inwardlyfrom the first effector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall withrespect to a distance from the effector axis; and wherein the at leastone of the effector leading edge and the effector trailing edge ispivotable away from the recess and into the exhaust flow path.
 13. Thegas turbine engine as recited in claim 12, wherein the nacelle assemblyis mounted at least partially about a core engine, the nacelle assemblyfurther comprising a fan section coupled to the core engine, wherein thecore engine defines a core flow path, the fan section defines a bypassflow path, and the at least one effector is in fluid communication withat least one of the core flow path and the bypass flow path.
 14. The gasturbine engine as recited in claim 13, wherein the first surface isstationary relative to the duct axis, and the second surface is movablerelative to the duct axis.
 15. The gas turbine engine as recited inclaim 12, wherein the at least one effector includes a first effectorand a second effector.
 16. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim15, wherein the effector axis of the first effector aligned with theeffector axis of the second effector such that the first effector andthe second effector are pivotable about a common axis.
 17. The gasturbine engine as recited in claim 15, wherein each of the effectorleading edge and the effector trailing edge of the respective firsteffector and second effector taper in a direction towards the duct axis.18. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 17, wherein: each of theeffector leading edge and effector trailing edge slopes inwardly fromthe first effector-sidewall to the second effector-sidewall with respectto the distance from the effector axis such that a first distancebetween the leading and trailing edges at the first effector-sidewalldiffers from a second distance between the leading and trailing edges atthe second effector-sidewall; the effector leading edge is received inthe recess and the effector-trailing edge extends towards the secondsurface when the at least one effector is positioned in a firstposition; and the effector trailing edge is received in the recess andthe effector leading edge extends towards the second surface when the atleast one effector is positioned in a second position.
 19. The gasturbine engine as recited in claim 18, wherein the throat area isdefined at a first axial location relative to the duct axis when the atleast one effector is located in the first position, and the throat areais defined at a second, different axial location relative to the ductaxis when the at least one effector is located in the second position.20. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 18, wherein: the effectorleading edge and the effector trailing edge are substantially flush withthe first surface when the at least one effector is located in a thirdposition; and the body includes a first face and a second face joined ata ridge to bound the exhaust flow path, the ridge extending radiallyoutward with respect to the effector axis and into the exhaust flowpath, with the first face sloping from the ridge toward the effectorleading edge and the second face sloping from the ridge toward theeffector trailing edge, and each of the effector leading and effectortrailing edge and said ridge progressively tapers from the firsteffector-sidewall toward the second effector-sidewall with respect tothe effector axis.
 21. The gas turbine engine as recited in claim 19,wherein the throat area is defined by the effector trailing edge at thefirst axial location, and the throat area is defined by the effectorleading edge at the second axial location.
 22. The gas turbine engine asrecited in claim 21, wherein the effector axis of the first effectoraligned with the effector axis of the second effector such that thefirst effector and the second effector are pivotable about a commonaxis.